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Bethany Hickling: Geoscience Outreach and Engagement (2021-2022)

Month: November 2021

CIEEM Webinar – Science Communication for Ecologists

Yesterday I watched a webinar by the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management on “Science Communication for Ecologists”. It spoke of the effectiveness of using stories to communicate ecological concepts, the importance of visuals, and how to communicate in a way that is accessible and inclusive. I would like to implement some of what I have learnt from the webinar in my project.

Use of stories

Vicky Bowskill, a PhD student at the Open University, as well as a writer and illustrator, explained the importance of stories in science communication, and how to use them effectively. She highlighted how our brains are wired to remember things which are delivered in story form, and how structuring messages in this way can make them more memorable. One way to do this is to make your audience care about a conservation issue, and then show them what they can do to help, rather than focusing on the threats. This made me think about my current project plan. The last lesson currently finishes on the threats to insects – a rather negative concept to end on. Vicky also talked about using a story arc, for example, explaining what things were like before, what has happened, and how we can change things. I recognised this as already present in part in my own project: I introduce the background to insects and the wide diversity of insects in the UK, then explain how insects are threatened by habitat loss, which students will hopefully see in ‘real life’ through the practical. However, I am missing the last part of the story arc – how the students can change things, and what positive things there are to aim for. I would now like to include this at the end of the last lesson in my project, to end the scheme of work on a more positive, memorable note. To do this I could present a case study of where insect populations have recovered following habitat restoration. I could also discuss the work of charities such as Buglife, the Bumble Bee Conservation Trust, and Butterfly Conservation and show how they are helping to protect insects. I think a good way to end the scheme of lessons would be to ask the students how they think they can help insects, giving them some ideas, such as: sharing with friends/family how important insects are, recording the insects they see using apps such as INaturalist, and asking teachers and school staff for help with meaningful projects around the school to help insects – such as providing bug hotels, and pots of native wildflowers.

A section of my notes from the webinar of a diagram of a ‘story arc’. “Story Arc” by Bethany Hickling is licensed under CCBY

Visual aids

A common theme mentioned by all the speakers in the webinar was the importance of using visual aids to support a message, which was something also discussed in the webinar I watched a few weeks ago by National Museums Scotland. This webinar highlighted that people respond well to colour, and character. Therefore, I will choose colourful and appealing images for the activity resources I produce.

Accessibility

Admittedly, I had not considered accessibility in depth before watching this webinar. The webinar suggested ways to increase the accessibility of teaching materials including text formatting and colour choice, e.g. the size of font, and a clear font type, and avoiding clashing colours for autistic readers. After the webinar, I considered ways in which students could help insects, and initially thought about activities that could be done in gardens. However, I need to consider that not all students will have access to such a space. To make the actions I give students more accessible, I have come up with three actions (as mentioned above) that most students will be able to do (i.e. share information with friends or family, record insects on the iNaturalist app, and encourage their school to do more for insects).

Concluding thoughts

In summary, the CIEEM webinar was extremely valuable in getting me to think how I want to communicate the importance of insects to the students, and how I will get this message to stay with them. I am definitely going to make use of a story arc, and end my scheme of lessons on a more positive note, to inspire the students’ action and sustained interest.

 

OER and Copyright Workshop

Today’s workshop on Open Educational Resources and Copyright was extremely insightful. I had no idea just how strict copyright laws were, or how to properly attribute resources to the author. Hopefully, as you can see from the images in my previous blog post, I have now got to grips with how attributing works, and I will ensure that I continue to do this throughout my project.

New development: I have a client!

After coming up with some of the ideas outlined in my last blog post, I emailed them to my tutor and staff supervisors to indicate my more detailed plans. In brief, I intend to have a series of three lessons, the first will give students a broad introduction to UK insects, and in the second lesson they will then go out to sample and identify insects from two contrasting habitats, before analysing and presenting the data they collect, and discussing the results. They will consider the wider implications of their findings, and learn about the future outlook for insects in the UK, in the context of habitat destruction, pesticide use, and climate change.

I met with my staff supervisors on the 17th of November to discuss these plans, and I found that contact had been made with Liberton High School as a potential client, who have expressed interest in my project. In the meeting, we also discussed any potential problems which could occur in my project, and how the insect sampling could be done in a way that is more closely aligned to the benchmarks set out in the Scottish Curriculum Experiences and Outcomes.

Meeting reflections

Potential obstacles include the delivery date of my project, as the insect sampling will be most effective when conducted in spring/summer, when there is greater activity. However, if the client is flexible, and I plan my time effectively, it will be possible for me to conduct this part of my project in March, when there will be some insect activity. A further issue is if insufficient insects are collected by the students to identify, record and analyse. This could potentially be overcome by providing students with a dummy dataset, so they still have data to analyse even if they collect insufficient insects themselves. If insufficient insects are collected for them to identify, I could overcome this by bringing in some of the insects I collected as part of my dissertation, so the students still get a chance to practise using identification keys.

Before my meeting with my staff supervisors, I had only thought of one method of sampling insects for the students to use – involving placing a yellow plastic bowl filled with water and washing up liquid for 24 hrs in a slight depression in the ground, or directly on the ground with a rock inside to stop it blowing away. After the 24 hours, the bowls would be collected in and the insects inside identified.


An example of a yellow bowl (AKA a ‘pan trap’) which can be used trap insects. I used this method to collect data for my dissertation, and suspended the bowl in the air from a pole, but they can also be placed on the ground. (“Pan trap” by Bethany Hickling is licensed under CCBY)

However, following the meeting I thought of other insect sampling methods which could be used, including kick sampling river invertebrates, and pitfall traps and leaf litter sampling of ground invertebrates. I will outline all these potential methods to the client, so we can choose the one(s) which will work best for the school.

Me, kick sampling for invertebrates as part of a university summer project! (“Kick sampling” by Jill Hickling is licensed under CCBY)

A diagram of a pitfall trap – a plastic cup is placed in a hole in the ground, and any insects walking along the ground fall into the cup. (“Pitfall Trap” made on Microsoft PowerPoint by Bethany Hickling is licensed under CCBY)

Leaf litter. Sampling this involves taking a large handful of leaves, placing them in a tray, and doing a timed search for any invertebrates that are present, which are later identified. (“Leaf litter, Callan Park” by Mary and Andrew (Flickr) is licensed under CCBY)

In terms of the practical part of my project, my meeting made me realise that the experiment I had devised to sample insects did not thoroughly cover the benchmark outlined in the Scottish Curriculum which states:

collects and analyses increasingly complex data and information, for example, temperature and light intensity, to suggest reasons for the distribution of organisms within different habitats”.

However, this is something that could easily be covered. For example, if insects are sampled using the bowl, pitfall trap, or leaf litter methods, other variables such as vegetation height, or % vegetation cover could be measured to see if these variables explain any differences in insect abundance and diversity between habitats. For the river sampling methods, variables such as stream velocity, or water depth could be measured. Instructing students to measure such variables will add an extra layer of complexity to the data collection and analysis, which will more closely align with the Scottish Curriculum.

Concluding remarks

Overall, my meeting with my staff supervisors was extremely useful. It encouraged me to think more deeply about how my project can meet the objectives of the Scottish curriculum, and how I can overcome any problems that may arise to ensure the project runs smoothly. I will bring these ideas with me to my first meeting with Liberton High School, so that I can effectively promote my project as a useful resource, and pre-empt any potential concerns that they may have.

 

Thinking More Creatively

Since I wrote my last blog post, I have attended workshops that are part of the Geosciences Outreach and Engagement course about active learning, and using Linkedin Learning and Adobe Spark. Outside of the course, I have also participated in a webinar organised by National Museums of Scotland. This explored how the museum’s collections are being used to communicate the threats of climate change, and how art can be used to inspire action. I found both the workshops and webinar hugely influential in developing ideas for my project, and will explain how below.

Active Learning workshop

Throughout the workshop on Active Learning, I was making connections with activities I remember from my own learning at school, and I realised that these were created with the intention of inspiring active learning. I recognised the basic format/layout of many of the activities that Steve gave as examples, such as the odd one out activity – familiar from many of my own lessons at school, such as Spanish and geography. The fact that I could recall these activities reinforced to me the impact that active learning can have. Thinking back to these activities, and being able to consider them from a student’s perspective, but also the educator’s perspective provided by Steve, enabled me to start to formulate ideas as to how I could incorporate active learning into my outreach project.

Following the workshop, I collated a list of potential ideas for active learning for my project e.g. at the start giving students an ‘entrance ticket’ type activity where they write down three words they associate with insects on a post-it note, and stick these to a whiteboard. I imagine some students will say things like ‘boring’, ‘annoying’ or ‘scary’. This would enable me to address learnt stereotypes and dispel misconceptions, whilst highlighting the students’ baseline knowledge. Anticipating negative emotions or reactions, I will then use a multiple choice quiz to engage and inform the students and highlight the importance, diversity and declining status of UK insects using surprising and interesting statistics, photos and facts. Students could be placed in pairs to discuss and share their answers before they are submitted.

National Museums of Scotland talk

On the 4th November, I attended an online talk run by the National Museums of Scotland. It included panellists such as the museum’s assistant curator of entomology, Ashleigh Whiffin, and the artist Luke Jerram who designed the Earth artwork installation which many people will recognise from backdrops of news broadcasts and interviews from COP26 in Glasgow. Through this webinar, I hoped to gain insight into how insects can be used as mechanisms to communicate broad topics such as climate change, and get inspiration as to potential ways I could do this in my project. Ashleigh’s introduction to the National Museums’ entomology collection provided me with ideas as to how I can communicate the importance of insects to my audience. Ashleigh put key statistics into context, such as the number of insects in the world, by relating this to how many insects there are per human on the planet (1.4 billion insects for every human)! To convey the importance of insects, Ashleigh also described the services they provide to humans, such as pollination, and waste recycling. I think this will be an effective angle for me to take to engage students’ interest in insects.

The artist on the webinar’s panel also made me think about how I can engage students. They talked about how art can be used to invoke emotional uplift, and inspire people to take action on issues such as climate change. Photography was mentioned as a useful tool to do this, especially with insects, as macrophotography in particular can give you an insect’s eye view of the world. With this in mind, I have come up with an idea of playing a Who’s Who type game, using eye-catching photos of insects found in the UK. Students could be given bingo type cards containing information about different insects, such as their diet, favoured habitat, and conservation status. They could then work in pairs to place cards featuring photos of different insects on the correct piece of information for that particular insect. We would then go through the correct answers together. Not only would this use a technique recommended in the webinar to engage people with insects, but it would also be a form of kinaesthetic and active learning. By moving cards around, and deciding where to place them, students would draw on their existing knowledge and learn from the ones they got wrong. Furthermore, I could use the skills taught in the workshop on Adobe Spark to create eye-catching information and photo cards to be used in the activity.

Adobe Spark

I had not previously used Adobe Spark before the workshop on Thursday, however, after experimenting with it in my own time, I am impressed by the quality of graphics that you can produce with it, even with limited graphic design experience, like me! Inspired by this, I have already used the programme to produce an information graphic for an assignment for one of my other university courses. I have previously used Microsoft PowerPoint or Canva to create diagrams or graphics, but find Adobe Spark more user friendly. The ability to access premium features through my university account is a huge advantage.

A grid of 4 green squares display 4 different facts about National Nature Reserves in the UK, accompanied with white illustrative icons

A graphic I have made for one of my other university courses, using the skills I learnt in the workshop on Adobe Spark

Conclusions

Overall, the workshops and webinar that I have attended have greatly aided my process of idea development. They have helped me think more creatively about the activities and resources that I can implement in my project. Having found such thought processes so beneficial, I would like to take these forward with me as I develop my project further.

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