Next week, the Caliphal Finances team will welcome Matthew Gordon and Eugénie Rébillard to discuss their respective research and share the Caliphal Finances team’s recent work, focusing in particular on the second half of the ninth century. To prepare for this, I (PostDoc Noëmie Lucas) have been focusing on this period in my reconstruction of the list of fiscal officials in Egypt. This blog mentions one of these officials, recorded only in documents (as far as I am aware), and addresses some issues relating to the reading of papyrus that collaboration with PostDoc Eline Scheerlinck helped resolve!
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In my search for Coptic and Greek fiscal documents from Abbasid Egypt, I (Eline Scheerlinck) came across a curious ninth-century document from the monastery of Apa Apollo in Bawit (P.LouvreBawit 7). The document is of interest for various reasons, but in this post, I want to focus on the fact that it contains fiscal terminology that is out of the ordinary. At the end, I’ll present a little non-fiscal treat—but it will only make sense after reading the rest of the post!
“It is often assumed that the Abbasid fiscal system was centralized and that a large portion of regional revenues were sent to the capital.” This hypothesis is explored in our project, where I (Noëmie Lucas) trace how provincial revenue was moved, as evidenced in the literary corpus. In this blog post, I provide an example from the corpus and elaborate on the type of information we can gather.
The primary source material for the Caliphal Finances project consists of fiscal documents, excavated in Egypt and mostly written on papyrus and paper. Both Principal Investigator Marie Legendre and Postdoctoral Fellow Eline Scheerlinck have been studying previously unpublished fiscal documents in the collections where they are currently stored. The ERC grant enables us to travel to these collections to study the documents. On the blog, you can read about Eline’s research visits to the papyrus collection of the Austrian National Library in Vienna and to the Cambridge University Library. This time, we want to highlight a lesser-known collection of papyri, particularly its Coptic and Arabic papyri: the University Collections of the University of Aberdeen, right here in Scotland.
In this post, postdocs Noëmie Lucas and Eline Scheerlinck join forces and explore the relationship between travel and taxation in Abbasid fiscal documents, focusing on 3 tax receipts that may or may not have functioned similarly to travel permits, akin to modern-day passports, for taxpayers in 8th and 9th-century Egypt.
On our blog, we have explored various sources for studying Abbasid fiscal practices, including literature, inscriptions, coins, and papyrus documents from the fiscal administration. In this post, I aim to highlight a perhaps less obvious source of information on the fiscal system: private letters on papyrus. Unlike other papyrus documents—such as lists, registers, tax demands, tax receipts, writing exercises, or correspondence between administrators—private letters were not direct products of the fiscal administration. So, what traces did the fiscal apparatus leave in documents from the private sphere?
As part of my research on Abbasid fiscal history and historiography, I examine fiscal-related narratives to understand how they inform us about fiscal practices and its history. This blog post explores one of these narrative units, known as akhbār (singular: khabar), and investigates how a better understanding of its making can impact our knowledge of fiscal history.
On our blog, we are exploring various types of papyrus documents that allow us to study the Abbasid fiscal system, as they form the core of the Caliphal Finances project’s sources. E.g., in this blog post, I, postdoc Eline Scheerlinck, focus on tax receipts, tax demand notes, and fiscal records. Those documents constitute the working papers and communications with taxpayers produced by the fiscal administration at various levels. Here, I highlight Greek scribal exercises found among the fiscal documents, which provide evidence of scribes practising phrases and numerals for use in fiscal administrative documents.
In this post, I will examine an example of another type of papyrus document that reveals information about the functioning of the fiscal system: administrative letters.
We would like to shine a light on one financial director (ṣāḥib al-kharāj) of Egypt during the Abbasid period who is known to us from various sources. An overall aim of the Caliphal Finances project is to study all the actors involved in fiscal collection from the taxpayer to the caliph, including the participation of local administrators and elites in the shaping of fiscal policies. We are particularly interested in the fiscal administrative hierarchy. Noëmie Lucas (WP4 Making the Link: Fiscal Practice and the Literary Corpus) is working on gaining a clearer view of the upper-level administrators who are better documented in the literary corpus than the local ones.
